Instructions to Authors

The journal respects the needs and interests of readers at several levels of expertise, from all over the world, and across the spectrum of behavioral and social sciences. In addition to full-length research papers, contributions are accepted in the form of case study reports of laboratory experiments and field observations, short scholarly notes, and critical review articles.

Manuscripts are accepted for review with the understanding that the same work has not been and will not be published, nor is presently submitted, elsewhere; that all persons listed as authors have given their approval for the submission of the paper; and that any person cited as a source of personal communication has approved such citation.

Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if it is accepted for publication, they will be required to sign a document confirming that all copyright vested in that article, including the right to publish, re-publish or otherwise copy or reproduce that article, or license others to do so, in all forms and media, including electronic and web-based media, shall be assigned exclusively to Kingston Press Ltd ('Publisher'). The Publisher will not refuse any reasonable request by the author for permission to reproduce any of his/her contributions to the International Journal of Bilingualism.

Manuscript Submission: Contributions should be written in English and should be typed, double spaced, on single sided A4 or 8.5-inch paper with 1-inch margins. Page one should contain the article title, author(s), affiliation(s), a running head of no more than 50 characters including letters and spaces, and the name and complete mailing address (including fax and e-mail if available) of the person to whom correspondence should be sent. Page two should include a 200-word abstract and three key words. A short bio-statement (50 words) should be submitted on a separate page. Since all submissions will be peer reviewed anonymously, identifying information should be removed from the body of the paper.

Four copies of the manuscript should be submitted to: Prof. Li Wei, School of Languages, Linguistics & Culture, Birkbeck, University of London, 43 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0PD, U.K. Once accepted for publication, the author(s) will be required to submit a diskette containing one file in Word for Windows/Mac format plus one PDF and two printed copies, all conforming to the stylistic requirements specified below. The Publisher reserves the right not to publish any articles which do not conform to the requirements. In case of doubt or queries, authors are advised to consult with the Editors before submitting their final manuscript.

Figures, Graphs, Charts, and Tables: Authors must provide numbered A4 high-quality printed originals of all figures, graphs, charts, and tables, that will be clearly legible when reduced to a maximum width of 13 cms. Colour material will be printed as greyscale. Whether or not embedded in the body of the Microsoft Word document, figures, graphs, and charts should also be saved separately as TIFF, Postscript, or PDF files when possible, to ensure the best possible print quality. In addition, JPG format is accepted for photographs. Other formats may not be suitable for use. In all cases, the resolution must be at least 300dpi. Tables and figures should be placed at the end of the paper. Please indicate clearly in the body of the article where the above items should be inserted.

Examples: Examples should be given in italics and numbered consecutively. Examples in languages other than English should be given in Romanized script, if available, and in italics; any gloss should be aligned, followed by the English translation in single quotation marks, as in example (11) below. For bi- and multi-lingual examples, use italics for one language, CAPITALS and underlining for the others (in that order), as in example (12):

Fonts and symbols: Print fonts must be in Times New Roman, size 12 point. Phonetic transcription should only be used when the article addresses phonetic issues as its theme, in which case DoulosSIL or a similar Unicode encoded font (latest revision) corresponding to IPA (latest revision) should be used. Do not use such fonts for general, non-phonetic text. Other symbols are discouraged.

Footnotes and Endnotes: Footnotes are discouraged and should only be used for acknowledgments, grant numbers, or other credits. Endnotes should be used sparingly and indicated by consecutive numbers in the text.

Citations: Double quotation marks should be used throughout, except in linguistic examples as shown above, or for enclosing quotations within quotations. Words from languages other than English or words intended to be emphasized should be in italics. The names of all authors should be given on first mention in text. For subsequent citations, "et al." should be used. Citations of two or more works within the same parentheses should be made in alphabetical order by the first authorĂs surname. Below are examples:

Muysken (1995) proposed a model ...;

... the matrix language (Myers-Scotton & Jake, 1995, p.983);

... the process of shift across languages (Clyne, 1982, 1985; Fishman, 1966; Gal, 1979; Li, Milroy, & Pong, 1992).

References: All sources cited in the text must be included in an alphabetized reference list, and vice versa. The names of all authors should be given in the reference list. Below are examples of entries for a book, a chapter in an edited book, a journal article, a conference paper, and a thesis:

CLYNE, M. (1997). Some of the things trilingual do. International Journal of Bilingualism, 1, 95-116.

MOFFATT, S. (1990) Becoming bilingual: A sociolinguistic study of communication of young mother-tongue Panjabi-speaking children. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Department of Speech, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.

MYERS-SCOTTON, C. (1993). Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

POPLACK, S., & MEECHAN, M. (1995). Patterns of language mixture: Nominal structure in Wolof-French and Fongbe-French bilingual discourse. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (Eds.), One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on codeswitching (pp.191-232). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Authors are especially asked to ensure that for each source cited within the body of the article, an accurate corresponding entry exists within the bibliography. Note that a charge may be made for correcting such inaccuracies.

Permissions: Copies of any letters granting permission to reproduce illustrations and tables from other sources, or lengthy quoted passages, must be included with the manuscript.

Page Proofs and Corrections: Page proofs in PDF format are normally sent to the corresponding author as an e-mail attachment. The free Adobe software required to read these files can be downloaded from:

<http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/main.html>

Authors are expected to return their corrections to the publisher within a week of receiving their file. Corrections are normally accepted via e-mail, with or without attachments; occasionally complex work may need to be returned by post or fax. Authors are responsible for the cost of changes, additions, or corrections other than printer or publisher errors, although reasonable changes are normally made free of charge.

Complimentary Material: The corresponding or senior author will be sent sufficient complimentary print copies of the journal in which their article appears for every contributing author. The same author will also be sent a printable PDF file of his/her article free of charge (conventional offprints are now no longer available). If the article is the product of several authors work, each contributing author will be entitled to receive a print copy and a copy of this file from the corresponding author. Republication of this article by the senior author on his/her own (single) private web site is permitted, as is archiving on the server of the funding institution that supported the research, providing the purpose is not for profit. Distribution of this PDF file to any other individual or organisation is strictly forbidden. Infrigements of these conditions of supply will result in legal action.

Reprocopies (photocopies) A single photocopy may be made without authorization or fee. Authorization to make more than one photocopy of more than 5% of the article will be granted to users of this Journal registered with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 7 Ridgmount St., London WCIE 7AE, England, and subject to the payment of a fee amounting to 17p (25c) for each copy of each page. Application for authorization and payment should be made to the Copyright Licensing Agency. Photocopies for classroom use only may be made without authorization or fee.